HC-05 Bluetooth Module

HC-05 Bluetooth Module – Serial Wireless Communication for Arduino & ESP32

The HC-05 Bluetooth Module is a classic, easy-to-use serial Bluetooth 2.0 module that enables wireless UART communication between microcontrollers and Bluetooth-enabled devices such as smartphones, laptops, and other HC-05/HC-06 modules. Unlike the HC-06, the HC-05 supports both Master and Slave modes, making it far more versatile for device-to-device communication projects.

Key Specifications

• Bluetooth Version: 2.0 + EDR (Enhanced Data Rate)
• Operating Voltage: 3.6V – 6V DC (onboard 3.3V regulator)
• Logic Level: 3.3V TX/RX (5V tolerant on most breakout boards)
• Interface: UART Serial (TX, RX, VCC, GND, EN, STATE)
• Default Baud Rate: 9600 bps (configurable via AT commands)
• Mode: Master / Slave (configurable via AT commands)
• Range: Up to 10 metres (line of sight)
• Pairing PIN: 1234 (default)

Compatibility & Use Cases

The HC-05 communicates via standard UART serial and is directly compatible with Arduino UNO, Arduino Mega, ESP32, STM32, Raspberry Pi Pico, and any microcontroller with a hardware or software serial port. Common applications include:

• Wireless serial monitor and data logging from Arduino/ESP32
• Bluetooth-controlled robots, cars, and drones
• Smartphone-to-microcontroller communication via Android apps
• Device-to-device wireless data transfer (Master–Slave pairing)
• Home automation and IoT wireless control systems
• STEM and engineering project wireless communication demos

Use AT command mode (hold EN pin HIGH during power-on) to configure baud rate, device name, PIN, and master/slave role. Compatible with the Arduino SoftwareSerial library for easy integration.

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