HC-SR501 PIR Motion Detection Sensor Module with Adjustable Trigger Jumper

HC-SR501 PIR Motion Detection Sensor Module – Adjustable Trigger & Sensitivity

The HC-SR501 PIR (Passive Infrared) Motion Sensor Module detects movement by sensing changes in infrared radiation emitted by warm bodies. With adjustable sensitivity and time-delay potentiometers, plus a selectable trigger mode jumper, it is one of the most flexible and widely used motion sensors in the maker community.

Key Specifications

• Sensor Type: Passive Infrared (PIR)
• Operating Voltage: 5V – 20V DC
• Output: Digital HIGH (3.3V) on motion detected
• Detection Range: Up to 7 meters
• Detection Angle: ~120° cone
• Delay Time: Adjustable 5s – 5 minutes (potentiometer)
• Sensitivity: Adjustable 3m – 7m (potentiometer)
• Trigger Mode: Single (L) or Repeatable (H) via jumper

Compatibility & Use Cases

The HC-SR501 outputs a 3.3V HIGH signal compatible with Arduino, ESP32, NodeMCU, and Raspberry Pi GPIO pins directly. Common applications include:

• Home security and intruder detection systems
• Automatic lighting control (motion-activated lights)
• IoT-connected occupancy sensors for smart homes
• Energy-saving device wake-up triggers
• Robotics obstacle and presence detection

The Fresnel lens dome is removable for custom field-of-view configurations. Use repeatable trigger mode for continuous motion tracking.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between the L and H trigger jumper positions?
In L (single) mode the output goes LOW after the set delay even if motion continues. In H (repeatable) mode the timer restarts with every new detection, so the output stays HIGH as long as someone is moving. Use H for lights and alarms.

Why does the sensor trigger randomly after I power it on?
The HC-SR501 needs a 30 to 60 second warm-up to calibrate to the room. Wait a minute after power-up and keep it away from fans, sunlight and hot air vents to avoid false triggers.

Can it detect motion through glass or walls?
No. PIR sensors need a clear line of sight, and infrared body heat does not pass reliably through glass or walls. Mount it facing the area you want to monitor.

Can I connect it directly to an ESP32 or Raspberry Pi?
Yes. Power the module from 5V and connect the output pin straight to a 3.3V GPIO, since its HIGH output is already 3.3V. No level shifter is needed.

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